University of Isfahan Computational Intelligence in Electrical Engineering 2821-0689 17 1 2026 05 22 Optimizing Control Parameters of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to improve Power System Frequency Regulation Optimizing Control Parameters of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to improve Power System Frequency Regulation 1 18 30463 10.22108/isee.2026.147443.1774 FA Behrooz Rasti Boroujeni Ph.D. student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Abdorreza Rabiee Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Maryam Shahriari-kahkeshi Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Samad Taghipour Boroujeni Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Journal Article 2025 11 19 The increasing penetration of non-synchronous renewable energy sources has significantly reduced system inertia, posing serious challenges to power system frequency stability. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have emerged as an effective solution for providing fast frequency support through virtual inertia and primary frequency control. This paper proposes a hybrid frequency control strategy for BESS that integrates virtual inertia control and virtual droop control to enhance both transient and steady-state frequency response. In addition, a novel Repeatable Optimization Algorithm (ROA) is developed to optimally tune the control parameters of the proposed BESS model and the associated PID controller. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through detailed MATLAB/Simulink simulations on both single-area and four-area interconnected power systems under severe load disturbances. Comparative studies with several well-known optimization algorithms demonstrate that the proposed ROA achieves faster convergence, reduced frequency deviation, improved RoCoF, and shorter settling time. The results confirm that the proposed control and optimization framework provides a robust and efficient solution for frequency regulation in low-inertia power systems. The increasing penetration of non-synchronous renewable energy sources has significantly reduced system inertia, posing serious challenges to power system frequency stability. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have emerged as an effective solution for providing fast frequency support through virtual inertia and primary frequency control. This paper proposes a hybrid frequency control strategy for BESS that integrates virtual inertia control and virtual droop control to enhance both transient and steady-state frequency response. In addition, a novel Repeatable Optimization Algorithm (ROA) is developed to optimally tune the control parameters of the proposed BESS model and the associated PID controller. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through detailed MATLAB/Simulink simulations on both single-area and four-area interconnected power systems under severe load disturbances. Comparative studies with several well-known optimization algorithms demonstrate that the proposed ROA achieves faster convergence, reduced frequency deviation, improved RoCoF, and shorter settling time. The results confirm that the proposed control and optimization framework provides a robust and efficient solution for frequency regulation in low-inertia power systems. https://isee.ui.ac.ir/article_30463_87e660f59f2b2861ddd16422230e8679.pdf